{"id":2805,"date":"2012-08-20T08:00:21","date_gmt":"2012-08-20T07:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.blaess.fr\/christophe\/?p=2805"},"modified":"2012-11-30T13:32:38","modified_gmt":"2012-11-30T12:32:38","slug":"essai-de-la-distribution-raspian-pour-raspberry-pi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.blaess.fr\/christophe\/2012\/08\/20\/essai-de-la-distribution-raspian-pour-raspberry-pi\/","title":{"rendered":"Essai de la distribution Raspbian pour Raspberry Pi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Raspbian\"<\/a>J’ai re\u00e7u il y a quelques semaines un exemplaire du fameux Raspberry Pi, une carte \u00e0 processeur Arm \u00e0 faible co\u00fbt (environ 33 \u00a3, soit 42 \u20ac). Je l’ai explor\u00e9 en d\u00e9tail pour r\u00e9diger quelques articles \u00e0 para\u00eetre prochainement dans Gnu\/Linux Magazine France<\/em> sur la cr\u00e9ation d’un syst\u00e8me \u00ab\u00a0from scratch<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb pour le Raspberry Pi.<\/p>\n

Il existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 plusieurs distributions pr\u00eates \u00e0 l’emploi (ArchLinux, QtOnPi, etc.) mais l’une d’elles semble plus compl\u00e8te que les autres, il s’agit de Raspbian Wheezy<\/a> un projet bas\u00e9 sur la distribution Debian Testing<\/em> actuelle port\u00e9e sur Raspberry Pi. Je l’ai parcourue rapidement pour me faire une id\u00e9e de ses caract\u00e9ristiques.<\/p>\n

\n\n<\/p>\n

Installation<\/h1>\n

Le principe d’installation consiste \u00e0 copier directement le contenu d’une image t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9e sur une carte SD puis \u00e0 l’ins\u00e9rer dans le Raspberry Pi avant de le d\u00e9marrer. Cela se fait tr\u00e8s facilement depuis un poste de travail Linux (\u00e0 l’aide de la commande dd<\/code>)\u00a0 mais c’est \u00e9galement possible sous Windows avec Win32DiskImager<\/em>.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9l\u00e9chargeons l’image<\/a> depuis le site officiel de la Raspberry Pi Foundation et d\u00e9compressons-la.<\/p>\n

[~]$ ls -l 2012-07-15-wheezy-raspbian.zip <\/strong>\n-rw-rw-r-- 1 cpb cpb 461001289 ao\u00fbt  15 10:05 2012-07-15-wheezy-raspbian.zip\n[~]$ unzip 2012-07-15-wheezy-raspbian.zip<\/strong> \nArchive:  2012-07-15-wheezy-raspbian.zip\n  inflating: 2012-07-15-wheezy-raspbian.img  \n[~]$ ls -l 2012-07-15-wheezy-raspbian.img \n-rw-r--r-- 1 cpb cpb 1939865600 juil. 15 21:45 2012-07-15-wheezy-raspbian.img\n[~]$<\/pre>\n
Le fichier image p\u00e8se un peu moins de 2Gio. Ins\u00e9rons sur notre PC une carte SD de 2Go vierge, l’automonteur la rend disponible et nous pouvons rechercher son identifiant en observant le contenu du r\u00e9pertoire \/dev\/disk\/by-id<\/code>. Je vous conseille d’utiliser une carte SD de bonne qualit\u00e9, classe 4 ou 6, cela vous \u00e9vitera de nombreux d\u00e9boires que l’on peut observer dans les t\u00e9moignages d’utilisateurs.<\/p>\n
[~]$ ls \/dev\/disk\/by-id\/ -l<\/strong>\ntotal 0\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 ao\u00fbt  16 22:42 ata-Optiarc_DVD+_-RW_AD-5170S -> ..\/..\/sr0\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 ao\u00fbt  16 22:42 ata-WDC_WD5000AAVS-00ZTB0_WD-WCASU0125171 -> ..\/..\/sda\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 ao\u00fbt  16 22:42 ata-WDC_WD5000AAVS-00ZTB0_WD-WCASU0125171-part1 -> ..\/..\/sda1\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 ao\u00fbt  16 22:42 ata-WDC_WD5000AAVS-00ZTB0_WD-WCASU0125171-part2 -> ..\/..\/sda2\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 ao\u00fbt  16 22:42 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5000AAVS-_WD-WCASU0125171 -> ..\/..\/sda\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 ao\u00fbt  16 22:42 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5000AAVS-_WD-WCASU0125171-part1 -> ..\/..\/sda1\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 ao\u00fbt  16 22:42 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5000AAVS-_WD-WCASU0125171-part2 -> ..\/..\/sda2\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 ao\u00fbt  18 07:36 usb-USB_2.0_SD_MMC_Reader_835000000505-0:0 -> ..\/..\/sdb\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 ao\u00fbt  18 07:36 usb-USB_2.0_SD_MMC_Reader_835000000505-0:0-part1 -> ..\/..\/sdb1\n[...]\n[~]$<\/pre>\n
Il s’agit ici du seul disque commen\u00e7ant par usb-<\/code>, soit le disque sdb<\/code>. Comme sa seule partition sdb1<\/code> a \u00e9t\u00e9 mont\u00e9e, nous devons la d\u00e9monter avant de copier l’image brute sur la carte.<\/p>\n
[~]$ sudo umount \/dev\/sdb1<\/strong>\n[~]$ sudo dd if=2012-07-15-wheezy-raspbian.img of=\/dev\/sdb<\/strong>\n3788800+0 enregistrements lus\n3788800+0 enregistrements \u00e9crits\n1939865600 octets (1,9 GB) copi\u00e9s, 1689,13 s, 1,1 MB\/s\n[~]$<\/pre>\n
Armez-vous de patience, le transfert peut \u00eatre long. Dans mon essai ci-dessus, il a dur\u00e9 pr\u00e8s d’une demi-heure !<\/p>\n
Ins\u00e9rons notre carte SD dans le Raspberry Pi, et branchons-le pour le voir booter.<\/p>\n
Premier boot<\/h1>\n
Le premier boot s’effectue en mode console. Une framboise (raspberry<\/em>) s’affiche en haut de l’\u00e9cran pendant que d\u00e9filent les traces du noyau.<\/p>\n
[    0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu\n[    0.000000] Linux version 3.1.9+ (dc4@dc4-arm-01) (gcc version 4.5.1 (Broadcom-2708) ) #168 PREEMPT Sat Jul 14 18:56:31 BST 2012\n[    0.000000] CPU: ARMv6-compatible processor [410fb767] revision 7 (ARMv7), cr=00c5387d\n[    0.000000] CPU: VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache\n[    0.000000] Machine: BCM2708\n[    0.000000] Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback\n[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 48768\n[    0.000000] Kernel command line: dma.dmachans=0x3c bcm2708_fb.fbwidth=656 bcm2708_fb.fbheight=416 bcm2708.boardrev=0x2 bcm2708.serial=0xa033012b smsc95xx.macaddr=B8:27:EB:33:01:2B dwc_otg.lpm_enabt\n[    0.000000] PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)\n[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)\n[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)\n[    0.000000] Memory: 192MB = 192MB total\n[    0.000000] Memory: 187880k\/187880k available, 8728k reserved, 0K highmem\n[    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:\n[    0.000000]     vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)\n[    0.000000]     fixmap  : 0xfff00000 - 0xfffe0000   ( 896 kB)\n[    0.000000]     DMA     : 0xffc00000 - 0xffe00000   (   2 MB)\n[    0.000000]     vmalloc : 0xcc800000 - 0xd8000000   ( 184 MB)\n[    0.000000]     lowmem  : 0xc0000000 - 0xcc000000   ( 192 MB)\n[    0.000000]     modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000   (  16 MB)\n[    0.000000]       .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc05943d0   (5681 kB)\n[    0.000000]       .init : 0xc0595000 - 0xc05c7000   ( 200 kB)\n[    0.000000]       .data : 0xc05c8000 - 0xc05f93b8   ( 197 kB)\n[    0.000000]        .bss : 0xc05f93dc - 0xc06c7504   ( 825 kB)\n[    0.000000] NR_IRQS:245\n[    0.000000] timer_set_mode: unhandled mode:1\n[    0.000000] timer_set_mode: unhandled mode:3\n[    0.000000] Console: colour dummy device 80x30\n[    0.000000] console [tty1] enabled\n[    3.239537] Calibrating delay loop... 697.95 BogoMIPS (lpj=3489792)\n[    3.298490] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301\n[    3.299120] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512\n[    3.299780] Initializing cgroup subsys cpuacct\n[    3.299896] Initializing cgroup subsys devices\n[    3.299947] Initializing cgroup subsys freezer\n[    3.299989] Initializing cgroup subsys blkio\n[    3.300107] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok\n[    3.300240] ftrace: allocating 14801 entries in 44 pages\n[    3.373228] hw perfevents: enabled with v6 PMU driver, 3 counters available\n[    3.375222] devtmpfs: initialized\n[    3.383000] NET: Registered protocol family 16\n[    3.384922] vc-mem: mm_vc_mem_phys_addr = 0x00000000\n[    3.384988] vc-mem: mm_vc_mem_size      = 0x10000000 (256 MiB)\n[    3.385510] hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 1 watchpoint registers.\n[    3.385583] hw-breakpoint: maximum watchpoint size is 4 bytes.\n[    3.385631] mailbox: Broadcom VideoCore Mailbox driver\n[    3.385745] bcm2708_vcio: mailbox at f200b880\n[    3.385852] bcm_power: Broadcom power driver\n[    3.385900] bcm_power_open() -> 0\n[    3.385931] bcm_power_request(0, 8)\n[    3.886624] bcm_mailbox_read -> 00000080, 0\n[    3.886671] bcm_power_request -> 0\n[    3.886704] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver\n[    3.886896] dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x20201000 (irq = 83) is a PL011 rev3\n[    4.192606] console [ttyAMA0] enabled\n[    4.218407] bio: create slab  at 0\n[    4.223974] SCSI subsystem initialized\n[    4.228021] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs\n[    4.233815] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub\n[    4.239452] usbcore: registered new device driver usb\n[    4.245609] Switching to clocksource stc\n[    4.254667] Switched to NOHz mode on CPU #0\n[    4.268352] FS-Cache: Loaded\n[    4.271746] CacheFiles: Loaded\n[    4.293311] NET: Registered protocol family 2\n[    4.298261] IP route cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)\n[    4.306833] TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)\n[    4.314358] TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)\n[    4.321065] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)\n[    4.327450] TCP reno registered\n[    4.330662] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)\n[    4.336554] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)\n[    4.343421] NET: Registered protocol family 1\n[    4.348782] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.\n[    4.354965] RPC: Registered udp transport module.\n[    4.359740] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.\n[    4.364468] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.\n[    4.371308] bcm2708_dma: DMA manager at cc808000\n[    4.376073] bcm2708_gpio: bcm2708_gpio_probe c05d00e0\n[    4.381738] vc-mem: Videocore memory driver\n[    4.386836] audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)\n[    4.392402] type=2000 audit(0.780:1): initialized\n[    4.504592] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.2\n[    4.508801] Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)\n[    4.516824] FS-Cache: Netfs 'nfs' registered for caching\n[    4.523530] msgmni has been set to 366\n[    4.530087] io scheduler noop registered\n[    4.534064] io scheduler deadline registered (default)\n[    4.539424] io scheduler cfq registered\n[    4.543738] BCM2708FB: registering framebuffer (656x416@16)\n[    4.550095] bcm2708_fb_set_par info(cb8ec400) 656x416 (656x416), 0, 16\n[    4.552358] BCM2708FB: start = cc900000,4d385000 width=656, height=416, bpp=16, pitch=1312 size=545792 success=0\n[    4.556290] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 82x26\n[    4.591143] BCM2708FB: register framebuffer (0)\n[    4.598693] kgdb: Registered I\/O driver kgdboc.\n[    4.617798] brd: module loaded\n[    4.629665] loop: module loaded\n[    4.636082] vcos: [1]: vchiq_init_state: slot_zero = 0xffd80000, is_master = 0\n[    4.645996] vcos: [1]: vchiq_init_state: called\n[    4.653928] vcos: [1]: vchiq: initialised - version 2 (min 2), device 253.0\n[    4.664154] usbcore: registered new interface driver smsc95xx\n[    4.672396] cdc_ncm: 04-Aug-2011\n[    4.678087] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm\n[    4.686161] dwc_otg: version 2.90b 6-MAY-2010 (platform bus)\n[    4.694608] Core Release: 2.80a\n[    4.700180] Setting default values for core params\n[    4.707306] Finished setting default values for core params\n[    4.715628] cc840008 -> 1\n[    4.920723] Using Buffer DMA mode\n[    4.926332] Periodic Transfer Interrupt Enhancement - disabled\n[    4.934563] Multiprocessor Interrupt Enhancement - disabled\n[    4.942611] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: DWC OTG Controller\n[    4.950052] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1\n[    4.959754] dwc_otg bcm2708_usb: irq 75, io mem 0x00000000\n[    4.967503] Init: Port Power? op_state=1\n[    4.973700] Init: Power Port (0)\n[    4.979252] usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002\n[    4.988463] usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1\n[    4.998044] usb usb1: Product: DWC OTG Controller\n[    5.005108] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.1.9+ dwc_otg_hcd\n[    5.013121] usb usb1: SerialNumber: bcm2708_usb\n[    5.021078] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found\n[    5.027054] hub 1-0:1.0: 1 port detected\n[    5.034428] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas\n[    5.042065] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...\n[    5.049341] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage\n[    5.057617] USB Mass Storage support registered.\n[    5.064783] usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual\n[    5.073343] mousedev: PS\/2 mouse device common for all mice\n[    5.081324] cpuidle: using governor ladder\n[    5.087607] cpuidle: using governor menu\n[    5.093849] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver\n[    5.102278] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman\n[    5.108941] bcm_power_open() -> 1\n[    5.115283] mmc0: SDHCI controller on BCM2708_Arasan [platform] using platform's DMA\n[    5.127606] mmc0: BCM2708 SDHC host at 0x20300000 DMA 2 IRQ 77\n[    5.136067] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper\n[    5.145986] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid\n[    5.154046] usbhid: USB HID core driver\n[    5.169290] TCP cubic registered\n[    5.174920] Initializing XFRM netlink socket\n[    5.183612] NET: Registered protocol family 17\n[    5.192569] Registering the dns_resolver key type\n[    5.201779] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 1 part 20 variant b rev 5\n[    5.221615] Waiting for root device \/dev\/mmcblk0p2...\n[    5.256806] mmc0: new high speed SD card at address 0002\n[    5.279841] mmcblk0: mmc0:0002 00000 1.86 GiB \n[    5.290880]  mmcblk0: p1 p2\n[    5.358001] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)\n[    5.371208] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 179:2.\n[    5.381223] Freeing init memory: 200K\n[    5.429741] usb 1-1: new high speed USB device number 2 using dwc_otg\n[    5.640291] usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0424, idProduct=9512\n[    5.649570] usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0\n[    5.661452] hub 1-1:1.0: USB hub found\n[    5.667961] hub 1-1:1.0: 3 ports detected\n[    5.950049] usb 1-1.1: new high speed USB device number 3 using dwc_otg\n[    6.060405] usb 1-1.1: New USB device found, idVendor=0424, idProduct=ec00\n[    6.073660] usb 1-1.1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=0\n[    6.088491] smsc95xx v1.0.4\n[    6.155557] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0: eth0: register 'smsc95xx' at usb-bcm2708_usb-1.1, smsc95xx USB 2.0 Ethernet, b8:27:eb:33:01:2b\n[   15.109842] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): re-mounted. Opts: (null)\n[   15.487388] ### snd_bcm2835_alsa_probe c05d07a0 ############### PROBING FOR bcm2835 ALSA device (0):(1) ###############\n[   15.503443] Creating card...\n[   15.508885] Creating device\/chip ..\n[   15.515522] Adding controls ..\n[   15.521075] Registering card ....\n[   15.535931] bcm2835 ALSA CARD CREATED!\n[   15.547976] ### BCM2835 ALSA driver init OK ### \n[...]<\/pre>\n
Puis le prompt de connexion habituel s’affiche<\/p>\n
raspberrypi login:<\/pre>\n
Vous avez deux possibilit\u00e9s :<\/p>\n